Federal Housing Loans

Federal Housing Administration Loans
Government housing loans help lower the costs of mortgages so that more people can afford to own their own home. There are three government agencies that insure mortgages. The Federal Housing Administration (FHA), which is part of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Veterans Administration (VA), and the Rural Housing Service (RHS), which is a branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Only approved lenders can offer these loans, and there will be required standards that the property has to meet in order to qualify.

The FHA offers a mortgage financing program that insures home loans. The FHA doesn't make the loans itself; rather, it serves as an insurance policy for lenders. Because the financial requirements for FHA loans are relaxed compared to traditional commercial loans, more people are able to afford to buy homes.

FHA insurance makes lenders more willing to work with someone who might not completely fit their usual loan qualification requirements. FHA requirements reduce the debt-to-income ratio from 28/36, which is the traditional loan requirement, to 29/41 for FHA loans (we'll discuss how this ratio works a bit later). FHA loans also require a low down payment of 5 percent or less, and allow 100 percent of the money used for the down payment and closing costs to come from a family member. Traditional loans won't allow you to borrow the money used for those payments.

There are maximum loan limits with FHA loans. These limits vary by state or region. Visit the FHA Web page to find the limit for your area.

Rural Housing Service Loans
If you live in a rural area or small town, you may qualify for a low-interest loan through the Rural Housing Service. RHS offers both guaranteed loans through approved lenders and direct loans that are government funded. These loans enable low-income families to get loans for homes.

Reverse Mortgages
Reverse mortgages pay you money as long as you live in your home. These loans are designed for people age 62 and older who own their homes and need an inflow of cash.

The loan is against the equity and isn't paid off until you sell or move out of your home. Until then, you receive regular payments in the amount set up in the terms of the loan.

Reverse mortgages are offered by state and local governments as well as banks and mortgage lenders. Shop carefully for these loans because interest rates and fees tend to be higher than in traditional mortgages. The AARP Web site offers additional information about reverse mortgages.

Conventional vs. Jumbo Loans A conventional loan is one that falls under the loan limit set by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. These limits change annually based on the single-family home price survey done by the Federal Housing Finance Board each October. As of 2002, a conventional loan can be up to $300,700.

Loans that are above that limit are called jumbo loans. Because jumbo loans don't offer the same Fannie Mae- and Freddie Mac-backed safety to investors as conventional loans, their interest rates tend to be higher by about 0.25 percent to 0.50 percent. When the conventional loan limit changes, the FHA loan limit usually changes along with it.