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How Pepper Spray Works

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  • Zarc International: Oleoresin Capsicum
  • American Institute of Cancer Research

  • American Institute for Cancer Research. "Some Like It Hot." Feb, 2007. (Sept. 16, 2009) http://www.aicr.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=11165
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  • Czarnecki, Fabrice, MD. "Chemical Hazards in Law Enforcement." Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Volume 3, Issue 3, pp. 443-456. Aug. 2003.
  • Department of Justice, Canada. "Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted." Aug. 27, 2009. (Sept. 9, 2009) http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cr/SOR-98-462/bo-ga:s_1::bo-ga:s_2?page=2&noCookie
  • Frostburg State University, Department of Chemistry. "Fire and Spice: The Molecular Basis for Flavor." July 31, 2007. (Sept. 9, 2009) http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/features/capsaicin.shtml
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  • Granfield, John, Jami Onnen, and Charles S. Petty, MD. "Pepper Spray and In-Custody Deaths." March 1994. (Sept. 8, 2009) www.aele.org/law/2009all01/iacp-oc-deaths1994.pdf
  • National Institute of Justice, Technology Assessment Program. "Oleorecin Capsicum: Pepper Spray as a Force Alternative." March 1994. (Sept.7, 2009) www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/181655.pdf
  • National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory. "Evaluation of Oleorecin Capsicum (Pepper Spray) Canisters for Chemical Content and Reliability." (Sept. 7, 2009) http://www.nist.gov/cstl/analytical/organic/pepperspray.cfm
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  • Pepper Spray Store. "Disguised/Hidden Pepper Sprays." (Sept. 8, 2009) http://www.pepper-spray-store.com/disguised-pepper-sprays.shtml
  • Petty, Charles S., MD. "Deaths in Police Confrontations When Oleoresin Capsicum is Used." Feb. 2004. (Sept. 4, 2009) www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/204029.pdf
  • Smith, David. "Pepper spray defence means South Africa robbers face loss of balance at cash machines." The Guardian. July 12, 2009. (Sept. 8, 2009) http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jul/12/south-africa-cash-machine-pepper-spray
  • Smith, C. Gregory, MD, and Woodhall Stopford, MD. "Health Hazards of Pepper Spray." North Carolina Medical Journal. (Aug. 20, 2009) http://web.archive.org/web/20000817004624/http://www.ncmedicaljournal.com/Smith-OK.htm
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